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Tf1: Still The First French Television Channel
TF1, a French acronym for Television, is the first and oldest national television
, French general, now closed. Its main shareholder is the Bouygues group. CEO of TF1 Nonce Paolini since May 2007. It is freely available mainly on TNT, cable, satellite (analog, digital and encrypted) and TV over ADSL. It is the first European chain in terms of hearings and payroll before the BBC and the broadcasting group french channel Canal +.The first French television channel was born February 13, 1935, when linauguration official television in France, which broadcasts in 60 lines by 20 h 15-20 h 30 a conference of the actress Beatrice Bretty from a studio of Radio-PTT Vision at 103 rue de Grenelle in Paris. The mission can be picked up at 100 km around Paris. On November 10, George Mandel, Minister of PTT, inaugurated the first broadcast in 180 lines from the transmitter of the Eiffel Tower. 18, Suzy Wincker, first announcer since June, performs a demonstration for the release of 17 h 30-19 h 30.
Emissions became regular from January 4, 1937 from 11 am to 11 pm 30 pm 20 pm 30 to 20 on weekdays and 17 h 30-19 h 30 on Sunday. In July 1938 a decree sets the standard for three years in 455 lines VHF (whereas three standards are used for the experiments: 441 lines for Gramont, 450 lines for the company counters and 455 for Thomson). In 1939, there were only 200-300 individual television receivers, which is regarded as rare in public places. With the entry into the war France the same year, broadcasts ceased and the transmitter of the Eiffel tower was sabotaged.
Following an agreement signed in 1942 between the Company and counters the German firm Telefunken station Fernsehsender Paris (Paris Television) was founded May 7, 1943 broadcast in 441 lines (standard German) from the Eiffel Tower.
The chain opened 29 September 1943, is headed by Lallemand Kurt Hinzmann and broadcasts in German and French four days a week from 10 am to noon, three days from 15 am to 20 pm every evening from 20 h 30 to 22 pm, airing pop and theater to hospitals and German residents in Paris (about 1000 receptors for which a hundred French viewers). The uninstall string at 13-15 rue Cognac-Jay in Paris in a former tavern and a former boarding house purchased in 1942 by The administration French. On August 16, 1944, on the eve of the liberation of Paris, Fernsehsender Paris (Paris Television) turns off.
The 441 line VHF broadcasts resume from the television studios of the Cognac-Jay Street in October 1944. On December 17, 1946, television, now in the French Broadcasting (RDF), releases its first newsletter of Meteorology and resumed regular programming (twelve hours per week) in October 1947. The first event is broadcast the arrival of the Tour de France July 25, 1948, commented on Live Parc des Princes by Jacques Sallebert. On 20 November, the Information Minister, Francois Mitterrand, the standard fixed by decree of the French network to 819 lines VHF.
On February 4, 1949, the French Broadcasting (RDF) is the French Radio and Television (RTF) and the first television announcer Jacqueline Joubert, recruited by competition, appears on the screens. The first television news is broadcast on June 29 under the direction of Pierre Sabbagh who is also the designer. The fee on television receivers is introduced by the Act of July 30.
In July 1952, the first international broadcast television is organized by the RTF and the BBC, who have managed to solve the conversion problem definitions (405 lines in Great Britain, 441 and 819 lines in France). On July 17, 1952, while since 1949 the transmitter 441 lines was limited to movies, kinescopes (filmed shows) and direct plateau the same programs can now be seen simultaneously by all viewers with the French "Converter standard (441 lines showing a camera image of a monitor 819 lines CRT-specific), especially large sports direct.
But this goes especially to allow the live broadcast of the Westminster Abbey coronation of the British sovereign Queen Elizabeth II, a real trigger for lengouement of French television. The June 2, 1953, Paris is a few screens before the private or public or in front of shop windows of television to see what happens here at the same time in London. On 31 December the National Assembly passes a plan to build five years for television. While France has only 3,794 TV sets in 1950, 1% of French households are equipped with television in 1954.
The newscast is set at 20 hours on 1 January 1954 and June 13, the 24 Hours of Le Mans are broadcast for the first time on television. The first television campaign for parliamentary elections will take place from 20 to 30 December 1955. On January 3, 1956 marks the premature end of the operation in 441 lines: the transmitter, an ancient technique, which could not endure the long nights of election, is the victim of a fire.
The 441 lines before stopping initially in 1958, its costly reconstruction is abandoned in favor of compensation for viewers to enable them to purchase a 819 line post. In April and May 1956, Council President Guy Mollet receives the television cameras for the first time at Matignon In cloning interview conducted by Pierre Sabbagh. On March 26, 1961, the white square appears at the bottom of the TV screen, indicating the programs that are deemed inappropriate for young audiences.
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