Kala Azar (Visceral Leishmaniasis) and Unani Treatment
Kala azar (Visceral Leishmaniasis) is a deadly disease caused by the parasitic protozoa
Leishmania donovani and transmitted to humans by the bite of infected female sand fly, Phlebotomus argentipes. The amastigote form of the parasite invades the Reticulo Endothelial system of humans. It lowers immunity, causes persistent fever, anemia, liver and spleen enlargement, and if left untreated, it kills. The vector thrives in cracks and crevices of mud plastered houses, poor housing conditions, heaps of cow dung, in rat burrows, in bushes and vegetations around the houses. Diagnosis is done by clinical features of the disease in an endemic area confirmed by either demonstration of the parasite in the splenic aspirate or indirect tests. Presently the rk 39 test kit is widely used.
In 1901, Leishman identified certain organisms in smears taken from the spleen of a patient who had died from "dum-dum fever". At the time "Dum-dum", a town not far from Calcutta, was considered to be particularly unhealthy. The disease was characterized by general debility, irregular and repetitive bouts of fever, severe anemia, muscular atrophy and excessive swelling of the spleen. Initially, these organisms were considered to be trypanosomes, but in 1903 Captain Donovan described them as being new. The link between these organisms and kala azar was eventually discovered by Major Ross, who named them Leishmania donovani. The Leishmania genus had been discovered.
Problem Statement (Global)
It is estimated that 350 million people in 88 countries are at the risk of developing the disease. About 500,000 people suffer from it.
South East Asia Region
About 200 million people are estimated to be at risk from this disease. The estimated number of cases is about 100,000 distributed in India, Bangladesh and Nepal. However, it is felt by many authorities that the number of sufferers may be a few times that number.
India
165 million people are estimated to be at risk. The reported number of cases is around 20,000 and number of deaths about 200 per year. Estimated number of cases is much higher. Bihar state is the worst affected with 33 districts endemic. It is also found in the neighboring states of West Bengal with ten districts affected, Jharkhand with five districts endemic and Uttar Pradesh with four.
Prevention: The phlebotomus (sandfly) breeds in moist dirt, cracks, crevices, sides of drains, piles of rubbish and all kinds of refuse. Therefore, it is important to keep compounds clean and walls in good condition. Dark, moist places should be ventilated and kept dry. Spraying of all possible breeding places with Flit or DDT is recommended.
Since plants harbor insects they should not be grown near buildings, nor creepers allowed on the walls. Animals such as ducks, chickens, cows, and pigs are sources of the infection and should not be allowed under houses or near the sleeping quarters. Houses and places believed to be infected should be avoided.
Infected cases should be segregated at least 300 yards away from uninfected persons.
In districts regarded as infected areas it may be advisable to use a net while sleeping, but to be effective the net must be of a fine meshed quality, fine enough to keep the sand fly from entering the net. A strong current of air as from an electric fan will keep the flies away. The upper stories of houses are best for sleeping quarters. Insect repellent ointments are useful when applied to the skin.
Unani Treatment:
1. Qurs Shifa with Aab Kasini sabz, Aab Shitrah each 50 ml and mix in Sikanjabeen bazoori 20 ml two times daily.
2. Qurs Tabasheer with Sharbat Habbul aas 20 ml two times daily.
3. Gul surkh 20 gm, Zarshak 10 gm, Tukhm Khayareen, Tukhm Khurfa each 2 gm, Revand chini, Tabaseer, Luk magsool, Kaffor qaisoori, Usharah afsanteen, Saffron, Airsa, sambal ul taib each 3 gm, Usharah Gafis 2 gm, make powder and use this powder 6 gm two times with Aab kasini sabz, Aab shahitrah each 50 ml and Sikanjabeen bazoori 20 ml.
4. Habbe Sammul far is also very effective in this fever.
Kala Azar (Visceral Leishmaniasis) and Unani Treatment
By: Dr Izharul Hasan
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