How To Utilize Vacuum Chambers
How To Utilize Vacuum Chambers
How To Utilize Vacuum Chambers
A vacuum chamber is a rigid enclosure from which air and other gases are removed by a vacuum pump. A vacuum is created to allow for the testing or manufacture of substances that must be conducted in an environment where the pressure is far less than that of the atmosphere. Vacuum chambers that are constructed of aluminum allow technicians to control the magnetic field that is inside the chamber. For vacuum chambers where it is important that magnetic fields do not enter the chamber from external sources, the chamber is constructed of mu-metal.
To eliminate the possibility of contamination, vacuum chambers are used in a variety of industrial processes, particularly in the semi-conductor manufacturing arena, where the slightest amount of contamination can destroy the substrate. These ultra high vacuum applications are frequently utilized in semi-conductor manufacturing processes, because even the slightest degree of contamination can be disastrous in this industry. As we mentioned earlier, thermal vacuum chambers are an ideal environment for testing devices and instruments that must operate in outer space. Many vacuum chambers are constructed of aluminum, because aluminum, unlike other metals, is not magnetic.
Vacuum chambers are frequently constructed with multiple ports, covered with flanges, to allow instruments or windows to be installed in the walls of the chamber. In applications that require only low vacuum levels, rubber seals are used. In higher vacuum applications, the flanges have hardened steel knives welded onto them, which cut into a copper gasket when the flange is bolted on.
A type of vacuum chamber frequently used in the field of spacecraft engineering is a thermal vacuum chamber,, which provides a thermal environment representing what a spacecraft would experience in space. This type of application will also utilize a highly advanced vacuum pump.
Vacuum chambers are frequently used when mixing resins and silicone rubbers. A vacuum chamber is needed when manufacturing resins and silicone rubber to insure that the mold is free of air bubbles. A small vacuum chamber is needed for eliminating air bubbles for materials prior to their setting. The material utilized for molding or casting is created according to its manufacturers instructions. When this type of material is placed in a vacuum, it will normally expand to over 4 times its initial volume, consequently the vacuum chamber must be large enough to handle this volume expansion. If this is not the case, there will not be enough volume in the chamber to finish the process. The container in which the material is held is put into a vacuum chamber and the vacuum is applied when the vacuum pump is turned on. After the vacuum gets to 982 mbar, the material will start to rise. . After the material reaches its full volume it will stabilize and not rise any further. The material is maintained in the vacuum for 3 more minutes in insure that all air has been removed from it. Once this interval is reached the vacuum pump is shut off and the vacuum chamber release valve is opened to equalize air pressure. At this point the vacuum chamber is opened and the substrate is removed and put into a mold.
Vacuum chambers utilized in the semi-conductor industry involve an exceedingly complex process. Due the very high levels of air purity required to avoid contamination of semi-conductor devices, these devices must be processed in ultra pure vacuums. As semi-conductor devices have packed increasingly dense circuitry into smaller and smaller silicon real estate, the need for ever increasing vacuum levels has also risen. For this reason, the most advanced ultra high vacuum chambers and pumps are used in space research and semi-conductor manufacturing. In the manufacture of semi-conductor devices, where particles that are several nanometers in width can contaminate a specimen, ultra high vacuums are employed.
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