Compared With Foreign Countries, China's Machinery Industry, A Few Basic Pieces Of Major Weakness
As our country on the basis of pieces of machinery in the machinery industry awareness
of the important position of late, long-term lack of investment, leading the entire industry a weak foundation, weak economic foundation and strength of the weak. In particular, with increased levels of our host, Machine Components behind the host bottlenecks become more prominent. In recent years, although the introduction of technology, technological innovation, scientific research and development, our country to give some support, but with the current level of market demand and overseas, there remains no small gap, in particular in: less product variety, low level quality of instability, early failure rate, poor reliability.China Machine Components product variety, small size, especially a big gap between high-end products can not meet the growing needs of the host. At present, various types of host based piece of performance indicators is roughly equivalent to the level of 80 foreign countries in the 20th century. Quality of instability, early failure rate, reliability is poor, the Achilles heel of basic items. Therefore, many OEMs to enhance the market competitiveness of its host, often choose to import the basis of supporting documents, resulting in domestic basic parts, especially the low-tech products, the domestic market share declined. Although China's exports of basic items has obvious advantages, but mainly labor-intensive products, the number of large, low value, technology added value.
Serious overlapping, low degree of specialization, not form scale, low economic efficiency
Machine Components, compared with the host enterprises to establish an initial financial and technical inputs required relatively few times in the national economic development period, have increased the number of basic parts manufacturer, also appeared along a large number of low- level of duplication, with many points, volume is small, not form economies of scale. Basic pieces of business, while gradually independent of the OE, but most of the enterprise itself is "large", "small but complete" low degree of specialization, the level of equipment is not high, the quality of instability, low economic efficiency. If China's bearing industry annual output of three large-scale backbone enterprises of less than the sum of bearing a well-known foreign companies 50%. Last two years, built nearly a hundred Hydraulic Component Factory in China, but the annual output of 300,000 or more only a few, mainly agricultural products is matching. The company's annual output of Germany Rexroth hydraulic items 1.3 million, the Japanese oil research (strain) is also an annual output of 600,000 or more. Industrialized countries die of about 150 000 companies per capita GDP to 20 million, China's only 4 million to 50 thousand yuan. In recent years, with a variety of common ownership of development policies, basic components industry is experiencing a gradual concentration of the dispersed intensive development process.
Research and development is weak, insufficient capital investment, technological progress is slow
Basic pieces of various industries in the 20th century, late 70s, early 80s to early to introduce a number of foreign advanced technology, but the lack of adequate absorption of the hardware and software investment. According to foreign experience, required for digestion and absorption of imported technology and capital ratio of approximately 1:7, and our understanding of this late, the pace of slower digestion and absorption. Technical strength of competition in the market is actually a contest. Have attached great importance to foreign, have increased investment, occupy high ground. Big famous company for its research and development funds account for sales of 4% to 5%, 10% in key areas. Although many universities currently engaged in our research work, a lot of theoretical research, scientific research, patents, papers have a very high level, but actual production is not tightly integrated, especially into commodities slow.
Raw materials and related technology behind the low level of technology and technological equipment, the foundation of the development constraints
Fasteners, chains, springs, bearings, dies and other products used by the poor quality steel, specifications less direct impact on the quality of basic items, while the hydraulic pressure and hydraulic pressure castings and quality of products related to electronic control, backward technology, also directly affect the quality and reliability of hydraulic parts. Mechanical parts are generally based on batch, mass production, but also more variety, high precision machining products, and therefore requires high technology and equipment production, large investment. Foreign multi-use high efficiency and precision of the plane, line or soft line for efficient automated production. However, some basic pieces of our business by financial constraints, input small enterprises with poor self-transformation, not less advanced equipment, facilities, affecting the quality of the product grade.
In short, in order to improve the mechanical basis for our competitiveness in the market items to better meet the hosts China's machinery industry sectors on the basis of pieces of supporting domestic demand, basic pieces of the industry should further increase the adjustment of the integration of superior resources and eliminate backward enterprises. In the next 5-10 years, to develop brand products and famous brand enterprises, technical innovation, improve competitiveness and strengthen the domestic market such as intensive farming and strive to attain greater progress and breakthroughs.
Compared With Foreign Countries, China's Machinery Industry, A Few Basic Pieces Of Major Weakness
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