Breast Cancer, Cancer of the Breast Gland
Breast Cancer, Cancer of the Breast Gland
Carcinoma of the breast gland is the most frequent cancer of women in Germany. For this cancer, both in his or her lifetime from 80 to 10% of all women. In rare cases, it also affected men. The average age lies between 45 - 50th and further between 60 - 65 year of life.
Risk factors are mainly family burdens, such as. Breast cancer in affinity, overweight, late or no pregnancy, hormone therapy (estrogens isolates) and proliferative mastopathy. Based on the frequency and significantly better prognosis when early diagnosis is strongly requires early detection of breast cancer, intensive self-examination, regular checks by a gynecologist, as well as by mammography at recommended intervals.
In addition to mammography to confirm the diagnosis as well as other appropriate measures - ultrasound, biopsy (tissue sample) and MRT.
Possible treatment is surgery, possibly passing through chemotherapy to reduce tumor. If possible, it is preferred to the maintenance of breast surgery. With extensive tumor can not prevent breast amputation. In any case, also taken from the underarm lymph nodes to determine stage of disease. For this purpose, additionally makes the investigation of upper abdominal ultrasound and bone scintigraphy. For further treatment is also critical examination of tissue (especially the so-called determination. Hormone receptor).
Postoperative treatment consists of radiation therapy, chemotherapy and / or hormonal therapy, and also of post-operative examinations. Treatment is determined individually based on patient age, tumor responsiveness to hormones and disease stage
Definition and incidence
Under breast cancer means the gland malignant breast disease. Carcinoma of the breast gland is in Western countries with the most common female cancers. Breast cancer is about 18% of all malignant diseases in women. Approximately 1 to 2 of 1 000 women will become ill in Germany each year for this malignant tumor. Of all the women get sick in Germany for this disease sometime in their lives around. 10%.
The cause of breast cancer is not yet fully elucidated. However, based on the fact that approximately 5% of women patients is jointly responsible genetic cause. Cancer risk as such. Growing at three times the people who are ill first-degree relatives. It appears that some change in genotype promotes tumor formation, but it has been demonstrated only in few tumor types. First, benign liver lobule propagation glands and connective tissue, called proliferative mastopathy, is another risk factor. For breast cancer is also promoting a diet rich in fats, ionizing radiation rays, tobacco and alcohol use, and also long-term use of female sex hormones (estrogens). In contrast, use of contraceptive pills may not increase cancer risk.
Prevention and disease risk
Universal prevention consists of reducing weight, as well as from alcohol and tobacco abstinence. Taking estrogen, for example. to alleviate the difficulties during the transition should occur only under strict medical supervision and possibly time-limited. The finding that estrogen levels in postmenopausal women may promote cancer, led to the idea that this reduced level of drugs. Antiestrogen tamoxifen, long-time deployed in anti-tumor therapy, have tended to reduce the risk of cancer. Tamoxifen therapy is associated with the Board of side effects. However, since, despite several studies, mainly in the USA, there is still sufficient experience on the effect of long-term use, this method can not be generally recommended.
Of crucial importance to further self-examination as a measure of early diagnosis. Includes inspection and palpation of the breast skin and underarm. Lumps, nodules, non-healing wounds, assault in the skin, swelling of lymph nodes or breast gland secretion of the evidence to the contrary, always suspicious and require a medical examination.
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