These Indicators Autoclave Has Visible Temperature Sensors
Autoclave was first invented by French Microbioligist Charles Chamberland in 1879
who worked alongside Louis Pastuer who invented the Patuerisation process.The basic function of an autoclave machine is to pressurise aqueous solutions and heat them above their boiling point which will cause the solution to be sterilised as well as anything in the solution.
In order to create sterilisation using water you need to be able to heat water past its normal boiling point. Under regular conditions water is not able to be heated above 100degrees Celcius. Further heating will not cause the liquid to rise in temperature it simply boils the water.
The solution to heating water beyond its normal boiling point is to heat it in a sealed container. This happens because the pressure within the sealed container increases as the water heats up, causing the waters boiling point to increase due to the amount of energy needed to form steam increasing.
Because air is very poor at steralising it needs to be removed from the autoclave chamber first. Different autoclaves remove air using different methods. Some autoclaves use a vacuum pump to remove the air from the sterilisation chamber, while others use a series of pressurisation and depressurisation of the central chamber to create airlessness.
Many different industries have uses for autoclaves this includes: medicine, dentistry, science, podiatry and body piercing.
When an autoclave is used for medical purposes the idea is to sterilise reusable equipment so that bacteria, viruses and fungi are destroyed. However protein prions like those associated with CJD are able to withstand the usual 121 degree temperature and can still be active when. To kill protein prions a longer cycle and higher temperature is used (134 degrees Celcius).
Due to the humid hot environment that is created in an autoclave medical instruments made out of some forms of plastic cannot be sterilised, but many small medical instruments are now single use which eliminates this problem.
2 common brands of small worktop autoclave found in many dental surgeries and labs across the world are Prestige medical autoclaves and enigma autoclaves. In general there are 3 methods that can be used to ensure that an autoclave has reached the correct heating temperature within the chamber and therefore sterilisation has taken place.
Some medical packaging has a chemical indicator on it that changes colour once sterilisation has occurred within the packaging. In some autoclaves an alloy is present that will melt once the correct temperature has been reached and in others a pH sensitive chemical is present which will change colour once the required conditions have been met.
In addition to these indicators autoclaves have visible temperature sensors, pressure gauges and times on the outside of the machine.
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