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Natural Gas As Fuel For Automobiles
Natural gas is the cleanest fossil fuel. Recent technological advancements in developing Gas resources have dramatically increased the amount of recoverable natural gas resources. And this creates an unprecedented opportunity to use gas as a clean fuel in the 21st-century.
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) are fossil derived fuels and therefore release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. They are suitable for use in internal combustion engine technologies- spark ignition and compression ignition. LPG is compatible with petrol engines and LNG and CNG with heavy diesel vehicles.
Their main claims to fame are that they produce much less pollution and can be cheaper to run. Many people use natural gas in Hybrid Vehicles.
LPG, can power cars, buses and lorries. However, LPG is best suited for Cars and Vans which run on petrol. LPG is predominantly propane (C3H8) with some butane (C4H10). The gas is liquefied by moderate compression at normal temperatures and is stored in tanks and cylinders. LPG vehicles need to be purpose built or they can be converted. However, conversions are practical only in Petrol vehicles. The difference between LPG and petrol or diesel, is the cost of fuel. The cost per litre is half, compared to petrol. LPG is cleaner than petrol or diesel.
CNG is a close relative of LNG and as a natural gas it has the same basic characteristics. However, because it is not liquefied it has a lower energy density and is stored at very high pressures. Therefore, Storage and vehicle tanks have to be heavy because of the high pressure requirement.
LNG is much more portable because CNG depots need to be supplied by pipeline and need compressors on site. CNG is the poor relative of LNG but it is used for heavy transport needs.
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