First trimester of pregnancy from the date of conception to week 12
First trimester of pregnancy from the date of conception to week 12
Due to the new demands of fetal development, the body of a pregnant woman undergoes complicated protective and adaptive changes. The central nervous system and endocrine glands perform regulatory functions controlling the reorganization of body.After implantation of the embryo into the endometrial lining of the uterus, the woman's body starts producing the sex hormone progesterone. It has an immediate influence on the development of the embryo and changes in the mother's body. The ovaries continue to produce progesterone for about 9 or 10 weeks and after that time, the fetoplacental system (adrenal cortex and liver of the pregnant woman and the fetus) takes responsibility for hormonal function.
There are two developmental stages: embryonic period (first 8 weeks of pregnancy) and fetal period (from the 9thweek to the birth). During the embryonic period, the formation of various types of tissues occurs. The fetal period is characterized by the growth of the baby, and the development of its organs and functional systems.Under the influence of progesterone, breasts tend to enlarge; nipples uplift and the skin surrounding them (areola) become darker and wider. Progesterone can also cause constipation, as it causes relaxation of smooth intestinal muscles, and therefore decreases the strength and the frequency of bowel contractions. It is advisable to drink plenty of fluids in order to prevent constipation.
Often, in the first weeks of pregnancy women suffer from queasiness and nausea which are triggered by the hormonal changes the body undergoes. These discomforts usually go away as the pregnancy proceeds. However, sometimes they continue during all the stages of pregnancy.Fatigue is common during this period, but this feeling will subside by the second trimester. It is related to the changes in body and energy drain. The real cure for the first trimester fatigue is to sleep 9 or 10 hours every night.During the first trimester, miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy are possible.Ectopic pregnancy is a complication where the fertilized egg implants outside the uterine cavity, usually in the fallopian tubes. The growth of the embryo here may result in the major internal hemorrhage and is the reason why an ectopic pregnancy is a potential medical emergency requiring surgery.Another complication of pregnancy in the first trimester is if the fetal heartbeat stops. In this case the pregnancy will not continue. Dilation (or dilatation) and curettage is performed with laboratory examination to follow.
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