Anaerobic Treatment For Industrial Sewage
Industrial Wastewater is high in toxin levels
, and these contaminants differ depending upon the type of industry and the product involved. The effluent produced from the Iron and Steel industry is high on oil, metals, acids, phenols and cyanide levels; Textile and Leather producing factories discharge large quantities of sewage high on solids, sulphates and chromium; Pulp and Paper industries discharges high levels of chlorinated organic compounds; and so on. Thus, each sector produces a different type of effluent in the process of its production.The industrial wastewater or trade effluent can be divided into two categories. They are:
Inorganic Industrial Wastewater: This type of wastewater contains large quantities of suspended matter and is produced majorly in the coal and steel industry, nonmetallic minerals industry, etc.
Organic Industrial Wastewater: This type of industrial waste is high on the organic substances or chemical components produced by those engaged in manufacturing pharmaceuticals, Cosmetics, soaps, pesticides, food and beverages etc.
The effluents cannot be discharged straight to the sewage disposal units. This kind of industrial sewage needs to be treated before disposal. The sewage treatment plant or system may vary for the different types of effluents. Mostly, the anaerobic treatment process is used to treat the industrial sewage.
The anaerobic treatment process can treat both Inorganic Industrial Wastewater as well as Organic Industrial Wastewater. Anaerobic treatment of industrial wastewater is the best option for industries discharging highly concentrated wastewater with low levels of concentrated nitrogen. The paper producing and processing industries, food and food processing industry; soft drink producing factories, beer breweries; and certain types chemical industries, can consider installing an anaerobic treatment plant for sewage treatment.
In Anaerobic Treatment, the sewage is treated by mixing it with large quantities of microorganisms in absence of any contact with air. The bacteria that grow under such situation convert the organic components present in the sewage into carbon dioxide and methane. These two products of anaerobic treatment may prove to be useful for the industries. The sewage treatment using the anaerobic treatment techniques has many advantages like:
It requires less energy.
It produces less biological sludge, thus making it an eco-friendly choice, as lesser quantities of sludge will be dumped at landfills.
The methane produced in the anaerobic treatment process acts as a potential source of energy.
The biogas produced in the process also acts as a renewable source of energy that can be used similar to natural gas.
Since the methane can be used as an energy source, it contributes to reducing the greenhouse gases by reducing the demand for fossil fuels.
Thus, it can be said that using anaerobic treatment has benefits for both the organisation and environment. In a scenario like today, where sewage treatment is a legal obligation of every industry engaged in the production of trade effluent, it is a much wiser choice to use anaerobic treatment process for treating the industrial waste.
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