Ac Joint Injury - Physiotherapy Treatment
There are many different kinds of joint injuries that will require treatment by a medical professional
. Joint injuries also have a number of causes, including repetitive stress and trauma.One form of joint injury is a sprain, which occurs when ligament which hold bones together, are torn or stretched out of shape, causing pain, swelling and potentially immobility of the joint. Perhaps the most common manifestation of this condition is the ankle sprain, which occurs often during sporting activities. Ankle strains can occur in the anterior talofibular ligament, the posterior talofibular ligament or the calceneofibular ligament.
Symptoms associated with sprains include pain in the injured area, swelling in that area, an inability to move or walk on the joint and heat or redness in the affected area.
Sprains can be diagnosed with a physical exam, during which the doctor may order an X-ray, MRI or CT scan.
Generally sprains are treated by restricting activity, splinting the affected joint, walking aids like crutches and physical therapy. In very serious cases of sprains, surgery will be required.
AC Joint Injuries
Shoulder separations are another common form of joint injuries and are caused by an injury to the acromioclavicular (AC) joint, which is located at the top of the shoulder.
The shoulder is composed of three bones, including the clavicle (collarbone), scapula (shoulder blade) and humerus (arm bone). The scapula and clavicle together from the joint socket, and the humerus fits within that socket. A shoulder separation occurs when the clavicle becomes separated from the joint. This is also called AC separation.
An AC joint injury is not the same thing as a shoulder dislocation, though these two injuries are often confused. Shoulder separations generally occur as the result of trauma that is usually sudden, sharp and forceful. Football players are susceptible to this injury, and it occurs frequently when people fall off of bikes.
Symptoms include generally unmistakable pain, and there is often swelling and bruising of the area. Diagnosis of shoulder separation is done via X-ray typically to ensure that there are no associated fractures, but generally the injury can be diagnosed by listening to how the injury occurred and the description of the pain.
Severity of AC Joint Injuries
There are different levels of severity of shoulder separations. A type I separation occurs when the bones are not out position but pain is present. A type II separation includes a partial tear of the coracoclavicular ligament, and may result in a small bump over the injury. A type III separation is the same as a type II only more severe. It is often marked by a large bump over the area. A type IV separation occurs when the clavicle is pushed behind the AC joint. A type V separation is very serious case of the type III injury, in which the muscle above the AC joint is damaged by the end of the clavicle. A significant bump is seen over the area. A type VI separation is very rare, but occurs when the clavicle is pushed down and becomes stuck below the scapula.
Treatments of AC Injury
The joint should be iced for 15 minutes every four hours for the first several days after the injury, and the joint should be rested. With serious swelling, anti-inflammatory medications might be prescribed. Surgery is sometimes required and nearly always in the cases of Types IV, V and VI separations.
SI Joint Injury
The sacroiliac joint lies at the joint of the pelvis and spine; it plays an important role in bearing and managing the load between your upper and lower body. Symptoms of SI joint injury include pain and tenderness in the area. Injury to this joint can be hard to diagnose because the symptoms are much like common types of back problems and because tests to not generally isolate SI joint. X-ray and other imaging tests are often run to isolate the problem.
In some cases a numbing agent is introduced into the joint. If pain subsides, this is a clue that there is an issue with the joint.
Treatment involves reduced activity, anti-inflammatory medication and physical therapy, which is used to strengthen the muscles around the joint, and increase flexibility in the area. Cortisone in used in cases where other treatment plans do not work; cortisone injections deliver a more powerful punch of anti-inflammatory agent directly to the site, and thus can help with particularly difficult cases.
Frequently joint injuries are treated by creating a strong muscular environment around the injured joint, so that loads can be balanced by the muscles rather than the joint. This not only helps the joint recover more effectively, it serves to leave the body in a better overall condition, which will help prevent re-injury of the effected and surrounding issues. It also helps by preventing the body from maladjusting to compensate for the injury.
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