Asbestos Related Death is not Merely an American Phenomenon
Mesothelioma and other asbestos related disease takes the lives of thousands every year
. It is not only a problem in the United States, but also other parts of the world. One interesting study is called, "Predictions of future cases of asbestos-related disease among former miners and millers of crocidolite in Western Australia." By
de Klerk NH, Armstrong BK, Musk AW, Hobbs MS. - Med J Aust. 1989 Dec 4-18;151(11-12):616. Here is an excerpt: "Abstract - In a cohort of 6502 male and 410 female former workers from the crocidolite (blue asbestos) mining and milling works at Wittenoom, Western Australia, there were 94 cases of malignant mesothelioma (12 cases of peritoneal mesothelioma), 141 cases of lung cancer and 356 successful compensation claims for asbestosis to the end of 1986. After adjusting for measured covariate effects by means of proportional hazards regression analysis, smooth curves were fitted to the resulting "underlying" incidence rates for malignant mesothelioma, lung cancer and asbestosis, separately, and for mortality of any cause. By the use of these curves and individual risk estimates, predictions have been made of the future incidence of these diseases to the year 2020. With the assumption that all subjects who were not known to be dead or departed overseas still were alive at December 31, 1986, and excluding persons of more than 85 years of age, the number of new cases of mesothelioma is expected to rise to a peak of around 25 cases per year in 2010, with an expected total number of 692 cases of mesothelioma (95% confidence interval [CI], 394-990 cases) between 1987 and 2020. A total of 2898 deaths (95% CI, 2284-3511 deaths) of any cause is expected in the same period. New cases of lung cancer and asbestosis are expected to continue at roughly the current rates of eight and 17 cases per year, respectively, before declining after the year 2000, leading to totals of 183 cases (95% CI, 34-335 cases) and 482 cases (95% CI, 236-728 cases), respectively, being expected by the year 2020. Predictions that were based on the censoring of subjects at the date that they last were known to be alive resulted in slightly higher, but probably less accurate, estimates.
20."
Another interesting study is called, "Mutations in the p53 gene in lung cancer are associated with cigarette smoking and asbestos exposure." By X Wang, D C Christiani, J K Wiencke, M Fischbein, X Xu, T J Cheng, E Mark, J C Wain and K T Kelsey - Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention July 1995 4; 543. Here is an excerpt: "Abstract - It has been proposed that the patterns of mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene will provide clues to the mechanisms of cancer occurrence. Cigarette smoking is known to be the greatest risk factor for lung cancer. Epidemiological evidence has also implicated radon and asbestos as exposures that significantly increase this disease risk; asbestos exposure synergistically enhances the lung cancer risk of smokers. Previous studies of the mutational spectra of the p53 gene in lung cancer have shown cigarette smoke and radon exposure to be associated with the induction of particular lesions or classes of lesions. We have investigated the p53 gene in surgically resectable lung cancers in 85 patients from the Massachusetts General Hospital. We found 25 (29%) patients to have somatic p53 mutations in their tumors. The patients with p53 mutations who were current smokers were significantly older (75.1 versus 59.8 years; P < 0.01 and had smoked for significantly more years (56.8 versus 41.2 years; P < 0.01) than had those without p53 changes. Consistent with other reports, we observed a large number (40%) of G:C to T:A transversion mutations, noting that their occurrence increased with increasing cumulative exposure to cigarette smoke. Interestingly, we also found that p53 mutations occurred significantly more frequently in patients with a history of occupational exposure to asbestos [3 of 60 (5%) for patients without p53 mutations versus 5 of 25 (20%) of those with p53 mutations"
"Abstract - Few substances have created as much interest, fear, and misunderstanding as asbestos. In 1971, asbestos became the first material to be regulated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. In 1982, lawsuits filed on behalf of workers suffering from asbestos-related pulmonary disease led one asbestos products producer to file for bankruptcy, primarily as a result of claims for asbestos injury from asbestos products his company produced. Even as of the 21st century, controversies exist concerning the toxicity and potential health effects of asbestos. Dail and Hammar's Pulmonary Pathology - 2008, 950-1031, DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-68792-6_27 - Samuel P. Hammar and Ronald F. Dodson.
We all owe a debt of gratitude to these researchers. If you found any of these excerpts interesting, please read the studies in their entirety.
Asbestos Related Death is not Merely an American Phenomenon
By: Montwrobleski77
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