In the course of his analysis of reported cases, Mustill J referred to a useful quote from Lord justice Farrell, in the case of the Republic of Bolivian. Indemnity Mutual Marine Co. Ltd. [1909] 1 KB 785, in which Farrell LJ quoted from a history of the American Civil War that: "a civil war.. .is never formally declared: it becomes such by its accidents—the number, power and organisation of the persons who originate, and carrying...more
Finally, when dealing with the character and scale of the conflict, was it necessary for each faction to hold a specific portion of territory? Probably not. although it was certainly a factor to take into account together with: - the number of combatants; - the number of casualties, military and civilian; - the amount and nature of the armaments deployed; - the relative sizes of the territory occupied by the opposing sides; -...more
Riot can be distinguished from the other excluded violent acts in that, from a practical point of view, it is more frequently covered by ARPI policies, either in the main policy or by way of an extension. It also is limited to internal strife without any necessity for political overtones. It is for this reason, namely that it has less of the characteristics of war and perhaps a greater connection with other criminal offences, that such acts are, on occasions, covered by ARPI policies. Therefore, perhaps not surprisingly, underwriters have been more willing to cover riot, than civil commotion. There is a good deal of similarity between riot and civil commotion, although perhaps not where civil commotion has been limited in the definition so that it must amount to a popular uprising. Riot, however, did have a specific criminal law definition as - there must be at least three people; - they must have a common purpose; - they must have commenced the execution of that common purpose; - they must have decided to help one another by violent means to fulfil that common purpose and indeed use force against anybody attempting to oppose them; and - the violent means used...more
The key to the definition of riot is that the elements of riot must occur at or about the same time. It is not, for example, sufficient for the violence to have been perpetrated by differing individuals at differing places at differing times and the violence must be threatened in the course of fulfilling the combined intention of the...more
Rebellion and insurrectionThe court relied upon the definition of rebellion as described in the Oxford English Dictionary as: "Organised resistance to the ruler or government of one's. country; insurrection, revolt." Although there may be a lesser degree of organisation required of insurrection, both required a motivation which...more
Various plans are available for travel insurance comparison. Some companies offer bundle, medical, evacuation and accident coverage. If desired, these travel insurance plans may be customized according to specific needs and target budget.A combination of all the plans available in travel insurance comparison is merged into the package plan. Items such as cancellation or disruption of a trip, a stolen baggage, travel and medical assistance for one whole day, and accidental death benefits are included in this plan. A handful of companies may also continue the benefit up to third party properties like in the event of a damage to a leased car.On the other hand, medical travel insurance covers a more specified level of insurance rule for single trip and multi trip holiday insurance. Single trip makes it permissible to choose the amount you are most comfortable with as a coverage to your medical expenses within the time you are traveling or its entire duration. The same is true with multi trip policies but the covered period is much longer and it includes the whole travel schedule length.Another element in the travel insurance comparison matrix is the evacuation insurance...more
Are you familiar with supplemental health care insurance? Many people are not; these days, most people sign up with their employer-sponsored health care insurance plans, or purchase individual health care insurance plans if their employers do not...more
If you have a commercial building insurance, your policy will contain a clause known as "the average clause". Whilst there are many clauses, conditions and warranties within every policy, some are more important than others. The average...more
Many people fear that when they ship with a courier company, that their precious cargo is going to get delivered to the wrong address, or damaged in some fashion. In the real world, these events take place only very rarely, and most shipments arrive...more
Today, anybody and everybody, has insurance of some sort. Either they believe in insuring themselves and their loved ones, or in insuring their vehicles! In India and in most other places, vehicle insurance is mandatory. The amount your...more
The San Diego vacation rentalsUnder the San Diego vacation rentals system, there is a short term rental insurance that is available but failure to follow it will lead to personal liability. There are certain issues that need to be...more
It is a common practice that most people like to maintain insurance policies for fulfilling a sudden inflow of money in terms of medicines, malpractice, accidents or any other personal injury. This is where, an experienced insurance...more