Residents Of Drought In East Africa On The Global Spread Of Less Than 5 Liters Of Water

Per person per day to maintain basic living expenses of about 20 liters of water

, but because of drought, the residents of the East African region of water available per day less than 5 liters or less than 1 liter in some areas, only about 3 cups water.

United Nations Development Programme official Andrew? Hudson (AndrewHudson) pointed out that, according to the assessment of the various human development index, human development, water is the most important driving force.

For the importance of water, it raised two questions. First, why some areas will dry? Second, with population growth, urbanization and industrialization, social development and the impact of climate change, the current situation of water shortage will be how to change?

For the first issue, UNDP has no clear answer. They report that: "the demand for water in some countries of concern, but the global water crisis is the key power, poverty and inequality, rather than physical factors." Scientists also endorsed this view. Japan and Cambodia, the average annual rainfall equivalent, but the Japanese daily water consumption to 400 liters, while the other hand, Japan, Cambodia's water less than one-tenth.

In part, this situation is improving. Compared with 1990, the global addition of the 1.6 billion people are beginning to use clean drinking water. But population growth and climate change will change this situation.

In some areas, especially in areas with high water consumption, water scarcity situation will appear. The World Conservation Union's Mark? Smith (MarkSmith) said: "Some of the river can no longer accessible to the sea. Aral Sea and Lake Chad area is shrinking, it is because the river flows to dry up caused them. Tanzania, some of the rivers as irrigation water increase in half-year drought every year. "

Last year, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to further examine the available water resources to climate change with the changing trends. Computer model predictions show that the warm weather will become more humid, warm air can absorb more water. But the climate models are constantly changing, which means that precipitation will be in a different climate model occurred in different places.

IPCC climate impact of the Working Group Chairman Martin? Parry (MartinParry) said: "Overall, droughts occurred in the subtropical and mid-latitude regions, from Southern Europe to Kazakhstan and from North Africa to Iran., And, arid west extension to Central America, South Africa and Australia, the southern hemisphere is similar to the situation. "he said, a number of densely populated areas in North Africa and Central Asia, it is struggling to get enough drinking water.

The same time, other regions are expected to increase rainfall, but this does not mean that they have access to effective use of precipitation. Parry said: "If you look at India, Bangladesh and Myanmar, these areas are increasing precipitation. But you will find a careful analysis, the intensity of monsoon rains brought great. Therefore, these precipitation can only flow in vain walk, can not be used effectively. "

Climate change is only one of the factors that affect water resources. Population growth will also be a reason for the water crisis. By 2050, global population will increase by 25 million to support these people and the development of agricultural production requires a lot of water. Agricultural water use accounts for 70% of global water consumption, therefore, the additional food production, water it and other competing water resources. Industry needs and human competition for water. On the other hand, industrialized society, people will reduce dependence on agriculture. Therefore, the forecast of water resources is very complex. University of Kassel, Germany

research team noted that the pressure to reduce water demand is due, as climate change increases rainfall. Increasing pressure caused by water due to increased demand on water resources, especially as incomes increase and develop the necessary increase in water consumption. Their study showed that mid-century, 60 million people will face water shortages (measured as less than 1,000 cubic meters per person per year).

Ironically, the more wealthy countries, the easier it is to adapt to these changes. A century ago, a 500 km-long pipeline leading from the Western Australia coast gold inland areas, making it possible gold economy. Now, the coastal areas of Australia there have been droughts Perth, so it was proposed the construction of more pipelines to its water from the north. Australia has also recently built a sea water desalination plant, despite the high price, but it can very effectively provide clean water. Many Middle Eastern countries have also undertaken similar projects, and even began to consider this practice in London. In addition, China will river, while Spain and Cyprus with the shipping of water. But not all countries have the capacity to do the transformation.

Theory, human engineering can help meet some of the changes rapidly. However, not all countries can make the right decisions. To the Amazon rainforest, for example, the increase in population, deforestation, and some rivers dry up, it may also be associated with climate change factors, this should be sufficient water shortage in some villages of the phenomenon began. Even Amazon has emerged this situation, it is difficult to imagine what will happen elsewhere.

by: gaga

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