Rare Earth Magnets
Rare-earth magnets are alloys of rare elements of the earth and hence the name
. These magnets are extremely strong and are known for their permanent magnetic properties. These magnets comparatively have more strength than the alnico or ferrite magnets. This is because, the rare earth magnets can create a typical magnetic field 1200 milliteslas compared to its ceramic or ferrite counterparts, which can have a magnetic influence within a range of 50 to 100 milliteslas only. However, the rare earth magnets exhibit extreme brittleness for which these are nickel-coated to avoid chipping and breaking. This lends them the shiny and corrosion resistant properties.
Rare earth elements are lanthanides with incomplete f-shell. This lends them the property to hold their magnetic properties at the paramagnetic centers. Also, in rare earths, there is a strong ferromagnetic coupling. Rare earth magnets find use as in audio speakers, fishing reel brakes, hard drives and bicycle dynamos. These elements are also used in Mag-lev wind turbines, as tie-downs in stop motion animation, thrill rides like roller coasters and in LED Throwies. These earth elements are of two types Neodymium and Samarium-cobalt. Neodymium magnet happens to be the strongest rare earth magnet and is also the most affordable. The alloy of Neodymium (chemical formula: Nd2Fe14B) comprises iron, neodymium and boron.
Neodymium finds application in computer hard drives and audio speakers. These magnets boast of the strongest magnetic field. However, these magnets fall inferior to samarium-cobalt in terms of resistance to temperature and oxidation. These magnets are often coated with a protective layer of nickel, gold, tin and zinc. Samarium-cobalt magnets (Chemical formula: SmCo5) are not as commonly found as Neodymium magnets as these are quite expensive to create. However, the plus point of the Samarium-cobalt magnets is that that these have a comparatively high Curie point. This property makes them perfectly suited for environments with high-temperature.
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by: smithanderson
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