Pearson and Gallagher (1983) introduced a gradual release of responsibility model of instruction to describe a framework for effective instruction
. This model depicts learning as a purposeful process that allows for a systematic shift in the cognitive load (responsibility) from the teacher to the student. In their model, explicit instruction is followed by guided practice in which the teacher and student have joint responsibility for using those skills or strategies. The learner takes the lead, with the teacher guiding her through the difficult spots and then stepping back as soon as the learner regains control. These first two steps are analogous to teaching someone to ride a bicycle. First, you show the learner all the parts and talk about the important things to Tag Heuer Replica remember, like pedaling and steering. You even get on the bike and show her how it's done. That's the modeled instruction phase of learning. But she'll never learn to ride it if she doesn't try it herself, so you invite her to get on the bike while you jog along, holding on to the back of the seat when she's getting wobbly and letting go as soon as she has regained control. That's the guided practice phase of learning. With lots of guided practice, she becomes sure of herself, you begin to fade your support, and soon you're standing nearby while she's riding independently. That's the final phase of instruction independent practice.