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History & development of Bottom Loading Skids

History & development of Bottom Loading Skids

History & development of Bottom Loading Skids


The design of petroleum bottom loading equipment in this country takes its origins from the American specification API 1004, devised in the late 50's & early 60's. The UK based institute of petroleum adopted the specification and modified it to suit the UK market. The major oil companies were the first to adopt the standards and equip their tankers and terminals with the relevant equipment. During the 70's & 80's all the major UK oil companies converted their trucks and terminals by replacing the old top loading equipment with the new bottom loading systems. At first most of these fixed asset conversions were done by building all the required new arms & control systems in place. As time went by however several companies recognised the benefit of a skid build system where all the equipment could be installed on one moveable frame, delivered to site and up & running in days rather than weeks. This also made good economic sense as the skid became a moveable asset that could easily be de-commissioned and moved to another site or sold on. Early exponents of this method were Mobil Oil at their Kingsbury depot & Shell Oil at Coryton refinery, both sites now unfortunately shut-down and the skids moved to other locations.

The authorised oil distributor market has also now embraced bottom loading with all the safety and loading speed benefits it provides. Clearly the cost of the major Oil Co.'s bottom loading systems with the sophisticated electronic control, very high flow rates and additive injection systems was way beyond the budget and requirement of most distributors. However, as all parts of the industry have to adhere to the same standard of truck mounted equipment so too must the depot equipment that has to load it.

This was the opportunity that IFC recognised in the early 1990's when it first developed its successful AD series of bottom loading skids designed solely at the authorised distributor market. There were a number of different opinions within the industry with regard to the level of equipment needed with some companies experimenting with not fitting a flow-meter at all but relying solely on the overspill system to safely stop the flow. This removed one of the main safety features of preventing overspills and forced a component namely the HLSO system to perform a job it was never designed to do! Others tried going without a balanced loading arm and just used hoses connected to the API coupler. The excessive weight of these assemblies soon gave rise to concerns over safe lifting and operation and complaints of back injuries soon followed from operators struggling with the weight!

From our own experience in supplying 4in bottom loading arms to the major Oil Companies we were involved in some of the early designs of the bottom loading skid concept and understood the interface required with the truck. We knew that in order to comply with IP 1004 & be user friendly each skid would need to provide the following features as a minimum:-

* Bottom loading arms that could safely support the heavy 4in API drybreak coupler which connects to the tanker & allow the operator to easily cross-over the arms without moving the vehicle.

* A method of vehicle earthing & overfill prevention combined in one package commonly called a HLSO system, which interfaces with the truck socket.

* A flow-meter equipped with a preset counter and valve enabling exact batch amounts to be delivered and an automatic way of stopping the pumps when the delivery is finished.

* A vapour return hose or arm fitted with the 3in cam-lock style female coupler which connects to the tanker & returns the vapour to a common collection tank. The tank being equipped with an overfill float switch shutting off power to the pumps in the event of an overspill.

* An emergency stop button linked to the pumps.

Like most companies over the years we have improved and developed our products to both keep up with legislation and improve efficiency and safety which can only be a benefit to the industry and environment.
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