subject: Retirement Planning And Understanding How It Works [print this page] The Standard & Poor's 500 is an index of 500 of the most widely held stocks - leading companies from all sectors of the economy - chosen for their market size, liquidity, and industry group representation.
By 1896, The Wall Street Journal was publishing its average on a regular basis, and the most famous indicator of stock market health was born: the Dow Jones Industrial Average. Most people have heard of the Dow, as well as a few other well-known stock indexes that track the overall direction of the market. Indexes and averages serve as useful benchmarks against which investors can measure the performance of their own portfolios. Depending on its makeup, a stock index can give investors some idea about the state of the market as a whole or a certain sector of the market. Conceptually, a shift in the price of an index represents an equitable change in the stocks included in the index.
If your portfolio lags substantially behind a corresponding index, it may be time to reevaluate and reallocate assets. Be sure to select an appropriate index as your benchmark. For example, comparing a small-cap stock portfolio to the Dow Jones Industrial Average may not be very meaningful; comparing it to the Russell 2000 Index would be more appropriate. When selecting stocks, it's prudent keep an eye on promising long-term performance based on certain fundamentals that may or may not be subject to market trends.
Employer-sponsored retirement plans are more valuable than ever. The money in them grows tax deferred until it is withdrawn at retirement. And contributions to a 401(k) plan actually reduce your taxable income. But figuring out how to manage the assets in your retirement plan can be confusing, particularly in times of financial uncertainty.
All the stocks in an index have at least one element in common. They might trade on the same stock market exchange, belong to the same industry, or have similar market capitalizations. Some of the more widely known indexes are the Dow, the S&P 500, the Nasdaq Composite, the Wilshire 5000, and the Russell 2000.
Diversification is a basic principle of investing. Spreading your holdings among several different asset classes (e.g., stocks, bonds, etc.) lessens your potential loss in any one investment. Do the same for the assets in your retirement plan. Keep in mind, however, that diversification does not guarantee against investment loss; it is a method used to help reduce investment risk.
A guaranteed interest contract offers a set rate of return for a specific period of time, and it is typically backed by an insurance company. Generally, these contracts are very safe, but they still depend on the claims-paying ability of the company that issues them.
by: Arthur McCain
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