subject: Gastric Bypass Surgery - Procedure, Complications And Its Treatment Options In India [print this page]
India is the most sought after destination for Gastric bypass surgery because of its highly professional and quality medical practices. Gastric bypass surgery in India is carried out by the best surgeons of the country in highly equipped hospitals that have excellent clinical facilities and best equipments for performing the surgical procedure. Gastric bypass surgery in India is available at hospitals where patients are successfully treated.
What is Gastric bypass surgery?
Gastric bypass surgery is used to treatmorbid obesity- the severe accumulation of excess weight as fatty tissue and the health problems it causes. It is advised to those -
People who have a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or higher. Or,
People with a BMI of 35 or higher with one or more related comorbid conditions.
Gastric bypass surgery reduces the size of the stomach by 90%. The Gastric Bypass pouch is usually formed from the part of the stomach which is least susceptible to stretching. That, and its small original size, prevents any significant long-term change in pouch volume. What does change, over time, is the size of the connection between stomach and bowel, and the ability of the small bowel to hold a greater volume of food. Over time, the functional capacity of the pouch increases; by that time, weight loss has occurred, and the increased capacity serves to allow maintenance of a lower body weight.
Food is first churned in the stomach before passing into the small bowel. When the lumen of the small bowel comes into contact with nutrients a number of hormones are released including cholecystikin (CCK) from theduodenumand PYY and GLP-1 from the ileum. These hormones inhibit further food intake.
Gastric bypass surgery is performed using several small incisions, orports, one of which conveys a surgical telescope connected to a video camera, and others permit access of specialized operating instruments. The surgeon actually views his operation on a video screen.
Various Procedures of the Gastric Bypass surgery
1) Gastric bypass, Roux-en-Y (Proximal)
This type of surgery is the most commonly employed Gastric bypass technique. It is the operation which is least likely to result in nutritional difficulties. The small bowel is divided about 45cm (18in) below the lower stomach outlet, and is re-arranged into a Y-configuration, to enable outflow of food from the small upper stomach pouch, via a "Roux limb". In the proximal version, the Y-intersection is formed near the upper end of the small bowel. The Roux limb is constructed with a length of 80 to 150cm (31 to 59in), preserving most of the small bowel for absorption of nutrients. After this surgery the patient experiences a sense of stomach-fullness.
2) Gastric bypass, Roux-en-Y (Distal)
In this surgery, the Y-connection is moved farther down the gastrointestinal tract, the amount of bowel capable of fully absorbing nutrients is progressively reduced, in pursuit of greater effectiveness of the operation. The Y-connection is formed much closer to the lower end of the small bowel, usually 100 to 150cm (39 to 59in) from the lower end of the bowel, causing reduced absorption (mal-absorption) of food, primarily of fats and starches, but also of various minerals, and the fat-soluble vitamins. The unabsorbed fats and starches pass into the large intestine, where bacterial actions may act on them to produce irritants and malodorous gases. These increasing nutritional effects are traded for a relatively modest increase in total weight loss.
3) Loop Gastric bypass ("Mini-gastric bypass")
This type of Gastric bypass surgery is the most simple and this approach allows bile and pancreatic enzymes from the small bowel to enter the esophagus, sometimes causing severe inflammation and ulceration of either the stomach or the lower esophagus. The loop reconstruction (Billroth II gastrojejunostomy) works more safely when placed low on the stomach, but can be problematic when placed adjacent to the esophagus. The Mini-Gastric bypass uses the loop reconstruction, as an alternative to the Roux en-Y procedure, due to the simplicity of its construction, which reduced the complication of the Gastric surgery. In this type of surgery changes are made in circulating hormone levels to produce reductions in food intake of the obese patients.
Gastric bypass surgery Complications:
Any major surgery involves the potential for complicationsadverse events which increase risk, hospital stay, and mortality. Some complications of Gastric bypass surgery are common to all abdominal operations, while some are specific to bariatric surgery. A person who chooses to undergo bariatric surgery should know about these risks. In experienced hands, the overall complication rate of this type of surgery ranges from 7% for laparoscopic procedures to 14.5% for operations through open incisions, during the 30 days following surgery. Mortality for this study was 0% in 401 laparoscopic cases, and 0.6% in 955 open procedures. Similar mortality rates30-day mortality of 0.11%, and 90-day mortality of 0.3%have been recorded in the U.S. Centers of Excellence program, the results from 33,117 operations at 106 centers. Mortality is affected by complications, which in turn are affected by pre-existing risk factors such as degree of obesity, heart disease, obstructive sleep apnea, diabetes mellitus, and history of prior pulmonary embolism. It is also affected by the experience of the operating surgeon: the "learning curve" for laparoscopic bariatric surgery is estimated to be about 100 cases. Unfortunately, the way a surgeon becomes experienced in dealing with problems is by encountering those problems over time.
Why choose Gastric bypass surgery in India?
Gastric bypass surgery in India is a part of the Indian medical tourism industry that is strongly backed by the Government and is home to some of the best surgeons in this branch of medicine. All the hospitals offering Gastric bypass surgery in India are well equipped with the best instruments as a result of the phenomenal progress that it has made in the technological front coupled with its advances in obesity reduction research; it turns out to be a very attractive destination for seeking treatment. This low cost of treatment in India doesnt affect the quality standard of treatment. Patients coming for Gastric bypass surgery in India or other medical treatments all across the globe have pleasing stories to share, which is also one of the factors of making the medical tourism a boom.
For more information on Gastric bypass surgery in India, visit us at: www.forerunnershealthcare.com or mail your queries at enquiry@forerunnershealthcare.com or call us at: +91-9371136499, +91- 9860755000 (International) / + 1-415-599-2537 (USA) / +44-20-8133-2571 (UK)
