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subject: Sewage Treatment Plant In India [print this page]


In the industrialised countries the first water treat- ment techniques involved processes of a purely physical and mechanical nature to reduce the solid content. The limitations of both the results and the

applicability of these processes later led to the use of treatments of a chemical nature. At the beginning of the 20th century water hygiene problems were over-

come by adding chlorine. At the same time other types of treatment were introduced, with specific objectives, such as rendering the water softer or re- ducing the iron content.

The various WASTEWATER TREATMENT processes have the following objectives:

to confer and preserve the inherent physical chemical and biological qualities of water of dif- ferent origins which make it suitable for specific uses such as water for drinking and for use in

productive processes; to permit wastewater treatment which will pro- tect the public from health risks without causing any damage to the environment; to confer and preserve those characteristics of

water in its natural environment which are nec- essary for the conservation and development of ichthyo fauna and aquatic vegetation, and for provision of drinking water for cattle and wild

animals or for recreational and aesthetic purposes.

WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS

Natural water treatment systems

Continental natural waters are the classical source for supplies of drinking water. Spring water is the best drinking water because of the natural condi-

tions which guarantee hygiene standards and gen- erally preclude any specific treatment. Also groundwater usually has good chemo-physical characteristics, because bacteria and viruses are

eliminated by filtration with the movement of the water as are other polluting substances.

It is impossible to specify a precise method for treating surface waters because of the various qualities of waters that exist. Nevertheless, a series

of conventional processes can be identified; such as screening, straining, oxidation, clariflocculation and filtration. These can be followed by specific stages

for the removal of particular pollutants. One of the most common and efficient methods for removing micropollutants is the process of absorp- tion on activated carbon. This is often combined

with an ozonization process. Stripping processes are used to remove volatile micro-pollutants such as solvents, chloride, ammonia and sulphide.

Industrial wastewater treatment

Treatment of wastewater produced by an industry takes place in a plant purposely built in the area of production, or after transport in the sewage system by purpose-built structures within the urban waste

treatment plant. Moreover, treatment carried out within the area of production can confer those char- acteristics on the industrial waste that allow it to be deposited directly into the fmal receiver, or even

used again, either completely or partially, in the productive cycle, hence giving the wastewater the necessary qualities for its discharge into the public

Sewage Treatment Plant.

The treatment of industrial wastewater involves the same processes as those used in the treatment of civil water. However, because of specific composi-

tions, the systems tend to vary. The chemo-physical type processes are are especially im- portant for the removal of inorganic matter.

by: Shubham Inc.




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