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Skin Cancer Treatment Options

Skin cancer is the uncontrolled growth of malignant cells in the skin

, either on the surface or in deeper layers. Most skin cancers appear on parts of the body that are exposed to the sun, like the head, arms, hands, or even the eyelids. There are several ways to treat skin cancer.

Cryosurgery

Cryosurgery destroys the cancer cells by freezing them. The procedure is done by a dermatologist and can be done in their office. With small lesions, liquid nitrogen is applied to a cotton swab. The swab is held to the lesion until it's frozen or destroyed. At other times liquid nitrogen can be sprayed on the lesion to destroy it. The lesion becomes a blister about two or three days after the surgery, then bursts by itself after two weeks. There will be a scab but not much scarring. The surgical wound should be kept dry with bandages for the first two or three days after the surgery. The patient can take non-prescription painkillers for any pain.

Electrosurgery

Another skin cancer treatment is electrosurgery, which can also be performed by a dermatologist in their office. The lesion is numbed with a local anesthesia, and then cleaned. An electrocautery tool destroys the cancer cells, and then a curette removes the destroyed tissue. The electrocautery is used again to destroy any cancer cells that lay beneath the lesion. Though the healing time for electrosurgery is a bit longer than with cryosurgery, both wounds should heal completely. The prognoses for both treatments are excellent.

Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy precisely targets X-rays or subatomic particles like photons to destroy skin cancer cells. It's used when there's a large tumor, or the tumor is somehow inaccessible to other forms of treatment. It's also used mostly in elderly people, as the use of radiation itself is a risk factor in the development of new skin cancers, and can't be used on people with certain skin disorders.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy, where the patient takes anticancer drugs by mouth or intravenously, is used when the cancer has spread, because the drugs travel through the body via the bloodstream. These drugs can be effective against cancer, but they can harm healthy cells, especially the fast growing cells of the hair or the inside of the mouth.

Photodynamic Therapy

Photodynamic therapy battles cancer through a drug that's either applied topically to the lesion or is injected. The drug concentrates in the cancer cells and makes them vulnerable to certain types of light. When the light is beamed on the cells, they're destroyed. The one side effect of this therapy is that the patient can become extremely photosensitive, and may have to avoid being out in the sun for a few weeks.

by: Peter Wendt
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Skin Cancer Treatment Options