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Sewage Treatment

Sewage Treatment

Sewage treatment is a process which removes contaminants from sewage or waste water

. Main objective of this process is to convert sewage in to a liquid effluent suitable for disposal and a solid sludge which could be reused or disposed without causing any harmful effects on environment. Sewage is likely to carry innumerable pathogens which when left unattended would cause several diseases to human beings and animals.

Characteristics of Sewage

Sewage contains 99% water. Suspended organic and inorganic solids form the rest 1% along with pathogenic bacteria.

Sewage treatment processSewage Treatment


Sewage treatment process primarily involves four steps.

Preliminary treatment Objective at this stage is to remove coarse or large solids which float on sewage.

Primary Treatment Primary objective at this stage is to remove settable organic and inorganic Solids by various methods.

Secondary Treatment Now at this stage effluent from primary treatment plan is collected and treated for removing biodegradable organic and colloidal matter.

Tertiary treatment or Advance treatment This treatment is used under specific situations for removing certain elements from effluent resulting from secondary treatment.

Once all the treatment steps are completed, water is disinfected and odour is removed for further use.

Sludge is generated when materials settle from primary treatment of sewage and has strong odour accompanied by microorganisms. Sludge is treated to remove excess water, reduce its volume, disinfect microorganisms and remove odour.

Individual home Sewage system

Individual home sewage system means disposing and treating your own individual house waste water. This involves construction of a septic tank and a plumbing system which carries waste water to the septic tank. Septic tank should ideally contain microorganisms which convert waste water in to liquids, solids, and gases. Liquid is sent to a soil treatment plant, gases are vented off from top. Solids lighter in weight stay on top and are referred as scum. Heavier solids settle at bottom and are referred as sludge. Sludge should be periodically removed from the septic tank.

Effective usage of treated water and sludge

The robust technologies and information broadcasting system helped in spreading awareness about usage of treated water and today many countries are using treated water for Irrigation systems, for toilet flush, for car wash, Industrial plants and manufacturing units. Sludge is used after treatment as an efficient fertilizer. Reusing treated water is taking one step forward in reducing the dependency on daily depleting water resources and an efficient way of cycling existing resources of water.

Treatment of Sewage water and reuse of treated water not only helps us but also the whole ecosystem.

by: santucci Construction
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Sewage Treatment