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Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction - Physiotherapy Treatment

The old "hambone's connected to the thigh bone" song had it right in more ways than one

. The body's structure is an intricately connected one, and when a single critical part gets out of alignment, changes occur in other parts of the structure in order to compensate. This compensation process is what leads to much of the pain and discomfort we associate with back, neck, hip and leg pain.

The effects of misalignment hold true for a misaligned pelvis as well. A misaligned pelvis will pull on the surrounding muscles, causing some to become overactive, while others become underactive. The overworked muscles ultimately will begin to cause pain in the hip and butt and other areas around the pelvis, and potentially beyond. Other symptoms in the pelvic area will include: strained adductor muscles, overly tight hamstrings and hip flexors and a tight and painful lower back area.

But the fun does not stop there. If surrounding muscles are not functioning properly because of a misaligned pelvis, the hip cannot be stabilized. So, when the body moves to take step, the knee will need to over-rotate to make up for the lack of stability. Without pelvic misalignment treatment, pain on the inside of the knee will develop.

Chronic muscle tightness is another affect of a misaligned pelvis. One classic symptom is seen when, irrespective of how much stretching is done, the muscles never seem to relax. This is because muscles attached to misaligned joint cannot relax; when attached to a misaligned joint, a muscle is called into extra service. This chronic tightening of the muscle has its own set of risks, as injury is more likely to occur when muscles are not allowed to relax.

Sacroiliac joint dysfunction describes another issue in this area. Sacroiliac joint syndrome occurs when the sacroiliac joint, which is formed by the sacrum and pelvis, is functioning sub-optimally, causing pain in the low back region and legs.

The small but strong joint is responsible for absorbing shock and allocating forces from the upper body to the pelvis and hips. The exact causes of sacroiliac joint syndrome are elusive, and diagnosis very often is as well.

Sacroiliac joint treatment, generally speaking, is non invasive, and focus on restoring flexibility to the joint, so that it can more effectively do its job. Treatment options include injections, manipulations, water therapy and other forms of physical therapy.

With an SI injection, the needle is guided to the joint using X-ray. Once at the site, a numbing agent is injected into the spine as well as an anti-inflammatory. These injections are repeated up to once every four months and are used in conjunction with physical therapy and chiropractic manipulations.

Exercise and physical therapy are used to treat pain and lack of mobility that lasts for more than a month or so, though sometimes this is begun sooner if the pain is severe. The objective is to provide the patient a platform for recovery by decreasing pain, increasingly the use of the joint, and educating the patient on the best steps to take to obtain and maintain recovery.

Physical therapy can be passive or active. Examples of passive therapies include the application of heat or ice packs, the delivery of steroids through the skin in a process call iontophoresis. Once the steroids are applied to the skin an electric current is applied, causing the steroid to move below the skin; in this process the steroid goes to work to reduce inflammation, and thus pain. This process is most effective for serious pain.

TENS machines are also used to help reduce pain. These machines are connected to the skin via electrode. Currents are run through the electrodes and on to the skin. The current then disrupts the pain signal from the source of pain to the brain; a TENS machine basically overrides the process which indicates to the brain that a source of pain is present.

Generally, the patient is first tested to see whether or not the TENS machine provides effective relief of pain. If so, the patient takes a unit home to use for longer-term relief. The units run on average about $500 and are the size of a cigarette box.

Ultrasound can also be used to help reduce or manage the symptoms, especially acute pain.

More active modalities for therapy include stretching, strengthening exercises and low-impact aerobics. Stretching is one of the "must haves" of physical therapy for the treatment of back pain, and it should be done at least once (ideally twice) each day. At a minimum the patient should stretching his hamstrings daily, even if no pain is present.

Strengthening exercises will last at least twenty minutes every day and are designed to produce stronger and more stable muscles in the lumbar region. Core muscles are often part of this routine. Finally, low-impact aerobic exercises, such as swimming, biking or walking should be done a few times each week for about 30 minutes.

Pelvic misalignment treatments help to alleviate some of the more significant symptoms of the issue, including pain and immobility. They also help the patient to restore a more proper alignment of the pelvic joint.

by: Johnathan Lim
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Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction - Physiotherapy Treatment Columbus